Description
1 Objectives
A process is meant to achieve a specific purpose. Different processes achieve different pur-poses. However, it is oftentimes the case that two or more processes need to share, or exchange data, in order to perform their required duties; this is what is called Interprocess communication. Your assignment is to make use of the interprocess communication tech-niques discussed in class in order to simulate a busy day at the restaurant.
2 Background
There are two ways processes can communicate with each other: either by sharing data or by sending messages. This assignment will require you to share data between multiple processes.
One of the most famous and essential problems in interprocess communication via shared memory is the producer-consumer problem, also called the bounded-buffer problem. In such a problem, we have two processes: one called the producer and the other the consumer, and additionally, there is a bounded buffer in shared memory that both the producer and consumer write to and read from. The producer is in charge of adding items to the bounded buffer, and the consumer is in charge of removing them. If the buffer is full, the producer waits until a consumer takes something. If the bounded buffer is empty, the consumer waits until the producer adds something.
In this assignment, we will implement an extension to the producer-consumer problem: the multiple-producer multiple-consumer problem. It is identical to the consumer-producer prob-lem, except as the name implies, multiple processes can produce, and multiple problems can
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consume. Also, there may be more than one bounded buffer.
You will solve this problem in the context of a busy day at the restaurant, where you have two producer processes (chefs), three consumer processes (customers), and two bounded buffers (food trays).
3 Part One
Scenario
You are the owner of a locally beloved fine-cuisine restaurant, and your establishment has been reserved for an upcoming high-profile event. However, the organizers are adamant that large amounts of food not be prepared in advance, but rather, your chefs should cook fresh entr´ees and add them to their respective food trays all throughout the duration of the event.
You will thus be in charge of organizing your two specialized chefs (represented by two producer processes) to constantly resupply two trays of entr´ees (represented by two bounded buffers), for three queues of hungry customers to take from (represented by three consumer processes). Each chef specializes in 2 entr´ees, and they strictly add items only to their respective tray (buffer):
1. Donatello specializes in non-vegan dishes:
(a) Fettuccine Chicken Alfredo
(b) Garlic Sirloin Steak
2. Portecelli specializes in vegan dishes:
(a) Pistachio Pesto Pasta
(b) Avocado Fruit Salad
A chef should randomly pick between either of their specialized entr´ees, and add it to the entr´ee tray at a random rate between 1 and 5 seconds (inclusive).
The three consumer processes are each programmed as an infinite loop() of customers:
1. The first process will represent customers that want any non-vegan dish.
2. The second process will represent customers that want any vegan dish.
3. The third process will represent customers that want one of each.
A customer needs to wait if there’s not enough of any of their desired dishes. The chefs need to wait if any of their respective trays are full. After a customer takes an item, the respective customer process should wait 10-15 seconds (inclusive) before iterating again.
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3.1 How to Do It
Before beginning part one, you need to understand how to create child processes, how to share data between them, and how to synchronize them such that there are no race conditions between them, which occur when two or more processes want to alter the shared data at the same time. In particular, we need to have an understanding of the following functionalities:
1. Creation of multiple child processes using fork(), and the ability to run specific func-tionality on each child process
2. Data sharing using mmap(), so that we can share the bounded-buffers and the semaphores between the processes
3. The utilization of POSIX semaphores as a tool for process synchronization.
Once we have an adequate understanding of all the previous functionalities, we are able to start on the assignment. The following steps should help you organize your work on the assignment.
3.1.1 Create the shared buffers
Before any child processes are created, we need to create the two shared bounded-buffers: one for the tray of non-vegan entr´ees, and one for the tray of vegan entr´ees. We are using POSIX for this assignment so you should be using mmap() for your shared data.
The bounded-buffers themselves should be of type int; a value of 0 means this slot in the entr´ee tray is unoccupied, 1 means it has food type one (Fettuccine Chicken Alfredo for the non-vegan buffer, Pistachio Pesto Pasta for the vegan buffer), and 2 means it has food type 2 (Garlic Sirloin Steak for the non-vegan tray, Avocado Fruit Salad for the vegan tray). Give these buffers a size of MAX BUFFER SIZE, which is a constant equal to 10.
At this point, you should be able to fork(), and if your shared buffers were created with the appropriate flags, then both child and parent should be able to read and write from this buffer. Test it before continuing!
3.1.2 Create the shared semaphores
Next up, for each bounded-buffer, we need a shared binary semaphore that makes sure only one process can write to the buffer at any one time. Call this semaphore mutex as it is acting as a lock for the buffer. For each buffer, we will also need two shared counting semaphores – called full and empty – that ensure a producer can’t go into its critical sec-tion if the buffer is full, and likewise, a consumer can’t do so if their respective buffer is empty.
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For each respective buffer, the binary semaphore is initialized to 1, the empty semaphore is initialized to MAX BUFFER SIZE, and the full semaphore is initialized to 0.
Play with these semaphores with children processes to make sure mutual exclusion is being met.
3.1.3 Create the producers and consumers
You should now have the necessary setup to start working on your producer and consumer processes to simulate the busy restaurant. Each time a producer or consumer executes its critical section (i.e. adds/takes from the buffer), they should print the following:
1. Whether it is a producer or consumer doing the action
2. Which producer/consumer it is:
(a) chef Donatello vs chef Portecelli for the producers
(b) non-vegan vs vegan vs hybrid for the consumers
3. Which variation of the dish the producer/consumer has added/taken from the buffer
Keep in mind that you should be implementing bounded-buffers! This means utilizing and keeping track of the in and out positions of each buffer. Simply adding/taking from any empty/full slot will not receive credit!
Additionally, since your producers and consumers are presumably children processes, your main process should be printing how full each tray is every 10 seconds. The following screenshot shows an example print for part one of your program:
Note: The output will be manually parsed, so don’t stress the formatting and do it however you see visually pleasing.
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4 Part Two
In this part you need to re-implement the above problem using threads. From an educational point of view, this should reflect your understanding of the use of threads vs processes (fork), and how to handle their side effects, if any. In your implementation, you need to consider the following:
1. Use thread instead of fork wherever possible.
2. Avoid zombie processes and threads (pthread exit and pthread join, etc.)
3. Avoid race conditions
4. Use as minimum shared memory as possible.
5 Grading
Part 1 will carry 17 points out of the 25 and part 2 will carry 8 points out of the 25 (the full assignment carries 25 points).
6 Deadline
The assignment is due by March 9 at 11:55 PM, after that the deduction policy of 20% daily (part of the day is considered as a full day) will be applied.
7 Submission
To submit use ”tar -czvf file.tar.gz directory” and upload the file.tar.gz. file should be the student name+ID.
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